HTML

HTML Symbol Entities

This entity reference includes mathematical symbols, Greek characters, various arrows, technical symbols and shapes.

Note: Entity names are case sensitive.

Math Symbols Supported by HTML

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description
∀	∀	∀	for all
∂	∂	∂	part
∃	∃	∃	exists
∅	∅	∅	empty
∇	∇	∇	nabla
∈	∈	∈	isin
∉	∉	∉	notin
∋	∋	&ni;	ni
∏	∏	∏	prod
∑	∑	∑	sum
−	−	−	minus
∗	∗	&lowast;	lowast
√	√	√	square root
∝	∝	&prop;	proportional to
∞	∞	∞	infinity
∠	∠	&ang;	angle
∧	∧	&and;	and
∨	∨	&or;	or
∩	∩	∩	cap
∪	∪	∪	cup
∫	∫	∫	integral
∴	∴	&there4;	therefore
∼	∼	&sim;	similar to
≅	≅	&cong;	congruent to
≈	≈	≈	almost equal
≠	≠	≠	not equal
≡	≡	&equiv;	equivalent
≤	≤	≤	less or equal
≥	≥	≥	greater or equal
⊂	⊂	⊂	subset of
⊃	⊃	⊃	superset of
⊄	⊄	&nsub;	not subset of
⊆	⊆	&sube;	subset or equal
⊇	⊇	&supe;	superset or equal
⊕	⊕	&oplus;	circled plus
⊗	⊗	&otimes;	circled times
⊥	⊥	&perp;	perpendicular
⋅	⋅	⋅	dot operator

Greek Letters Supported by HTML

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description
Α	Α	Α	Alpha
Β	Β	Β	Beta
Γ	Γ	Γ	Gamma
Δ	Δ	Δ	Delta
Ε	Ε	Ε	Epsilon
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	Zeta
Η	Η	Η	Eta
Θ	Θ	Θ	Theta
Ι	Ι	Ι	Iota
Κ	Κ	Κ	Kappa
Λ	Λ	Λ	Lambda
Μ	Μ	Μ	Mu
Ν	Ν	Ν	Nu
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	Xi
Ο	Ο	Ο	Omicron
Π	Π	Π	Pi
Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	Rho
	undefined		Sigmaf
Σ	Σ	Σ	Sigma
Τ	Τ	Τ	Tau
Υ	Υ	Υ	Upsilon
Φ	Φ	Φ	Phi
Χ	Χ	Χ	Chi
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	Psi
Ω	Ω	Ω	Omega

α	α	α	alpha
β	β	β	beta
γ	γ	γ	gamma
δ	δ	δ	delta
ε	ε	ε	epsilon
ζ	ζ	ζ	zeta
η	η	η	eta
θ	θ	θ	theta
ι	ι	ι	iota
κ	κ	κ	kappa
λ	λ	λ	lambda
μ	μ	μ	mu
ν	ν	ν	nu
ξ	ξ	ξ	xi
ο	ο	ο	omicron
π	π	π	pi
ρ	ρ	ρ	rho
ς	ς	&sigmaf;	sigmaf
σ	σ	σ	sigma
τ	τ	τ	tau
υ	υ	υ	upsilon
φ	φ	φ	phi
χ	χ	χ	chi
ψ	ψ	ψ	psi
ω	ω	ω	omega

ϑ	ϑ	&thetasym;	theta symbol
ϒ	ϒ	&upsih;	upsilon symbol
ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	pi symbol

Other Entities Supported by HTML

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description
Œ	Œ	&OElig;	capital ligature OE
œ	œ	&oelig;	small ligature oe
Š	Š	&Scaron;	capital S with caron
š	š	&scaron;	small S with caron
Ÿ	Ÿ	&Yuml;	capital Y with diaeres
ƒ	ƒ	&fnof;	f with hook
ˆ	ˆ	&circ;	modifier letter circumflex accent
˜	˜	&tilde;	small tilde
		&ensp;	en space
		&emsp;	em space
			thin space
‌	‌	&zwnj;	zero width non-joiner
‍	‍	&zwj;	zero width joiner
‎	‎	&lrm;	left-to-right mark
‏	‏	&rlm;	right-to-left mark
–	–	–	en dash
—	—	—	em dash
‘	‘	‘	left single quotation mark
’	’	’	right single quotation mark
‚	‚	&sbquo;	single low-9 quotation mark
“	“	“	left double quotation mark
”	”	”	right double quotation mark
„	„	&bdquo;	double low-9 quotation mark
†	†	&dagger;	dagger
‡	‡	&Dagger;	double dagger
•	•	•	bullet
…	…	…	horizontal ellipsis
‰	‰	&permil;	per mille
′	′	′	minutes
″	″	″	seconds
‹	‹	&lsaquo;	single left angle quotation
›	›	&rsaquo;	single right angle quotation
‾	‾	&oline;	overline
€	€	€	euro
™	™	™	trademark
←	←	←	left arrow
↑	↑	↑	up arrow
→	→	→	right arrow
↓	↓	↓	down arrow
↔	↔	↔	left right arrow
↵	↵	&crarr;	carriage return arrow
⌈	⌈	&lceil;	left ceiling
⌉	⌉	&rceil;	right ceiling
⌊	⌊	&lfloor;	left floor
⌋	⌋	&rfloor;	right floor
◊	◊	&loz;	lozenge
♠	♠	&spades;	spade
♣	♣	&clubs;	club
♥	♥	&hearts;	heart
♦	♦	&diams;	diamond

Standard Event Attributes

HTML 4 added the ability to let events trigger actions in a browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on an element.

To learn more about programming events, please visit our JavaScript tutorial and our DHTML tutorial.

Below is the standard event attributes that can be inserted into HTML / XHTML elements to define event actions.

<body> and <frameset> Events

The two attributes below can only be used in <body> or <frameset>:

Attribute	Value	Description
onload	script	Script to be run when a document load
onunload	script	Script to be run when a document unload

Form Events

The attributes below can be used in form elements:

Attribute	Value	Description
onblur	script	Script to be run when an element loses focus
onchange	script	Script to be run when an element changes
onfocus	script	Script to be run when an element gets focus
onreset	script	Script to be run when a form is reset
onselect	script	Script to be run when an element is selected
onsubmit	script	Script to be run when a form is submitted

Image Events

The attribute below can be used with the img element:

Attribute	Value	Description
onabort	script	Script to be run when loading of an image is interrupted

Keyboard Events

Valid in all elements except base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, and title.

Attribute	Value	Description
onkeydown	script	Script to be run when a key is pressed
onkeypress	script	Script to be run when a key is pressed and released
onkeyup	script	Script to be run when a key is released

Mouse Events

Valid in all elements except base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, and title.

Attribute	Value	Description
onclick	script	Script to be run on a mouse click
ondblclick	script	Script to be run on a mouse double-click
onmousedown	script	Script to be run when mouse button is pressed
onmousemove	script	Script to be run when mouse pointer moves
onmouseout	script	Script to be run when mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseover	script	Script to be run when mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseup	script	Script to be run when mouse button is released

DTD: indicates in which HTML 4.01 / XHTML 1.0 DTD the tag is allowed. S=Strict, T=Transitional, and F=Frameset

Tag	Description	DTD
<!--...-->	Defines a comment	STF
<!DOCTYPE>	Defines the document type	STF
<a>	Defines an anchor	STF
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation	STF
<acronym>	Defines an acronym	STF
<address>	Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document	STF
<applet>	Deprecated. Defines an embedded applet	TF
<area />	Defines an area inside an image-map	STF
<b>	Defines bold text	STF
<base />	Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document	STF
<basefont />	Deprecated. Specifies a default color, size, or font for all the text in a document	TF
<bdo>	Overrides the current text direction	STF
<big>	Defines big text	STF
<blockquote>	Defines a long quotation, 인용자	STF
<body>	Defines the document's body	STF
<br />	Defines a single line break	STF
<button>	Defines a clickable button	STF
<caption>	Defines a table caption	STF
<center>	Deprecated. Defines centered text	TF
<cite>	Defines a citation	STF
<code>	Defines a piece of computer code	STF
<col />	Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table	STF
<colgroup>	Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting	STF
<dd>	Defines a description of an item in a definition list	STF
<del>	Defines text that has been deleted from a document	STF
<dfn>	Defines a definition term	STF
<dir>	Deprecated. Defines a directory list	TF
<div>	Defines a section in a document	STF
<dl>	Defines a definition list	STF
<dt>	Defines a term (an item) in a definition list	STF
<em>	Defines emphasized text	STF
<fieldset>	Groups related elements in a form	STF
<font>	Deprecated. Defines font, color, and size for text	TF
<form>	Defines an HTML form for user input	STF
<frame />	Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset	F
<frameset>	Defines a set of frames	F
<h1> to <h6>	Defines HTML headings	STF
<head>	Defines information about the document	STF
<hr />	Defines a horizontal line	STF
<html>	Defines the root of an HTML document	STF
<i>	Defines italic text	STF
<iframe>	Defines an inline frame	TF
<img />	Defines an image	STF
<input />	Defines an input control	STF
<ins>	Defines text that has been inserted into a document	STF
<kbd>	Defines keyboard input	STF
<label>	Defines a label for an <input> element	STF
<legend>	Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element	STF
<li>	Defines a list item	STF
<link />	Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource	STF
<map>	Defines a client-side image-map	STF
<menu>	Deprecated. Defines a menu list	TF
<meta />	Defines metadata about an HTML document	STF
<noframes>	Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames	TF
<noscript>	Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts	STF
<object>	Defines an embedded object	STF
<ol>	Defines an ordered list	STF
<optgroup>	Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list	STF
<option>	Defines an option in a drop-down list	STF
<p>	Defines a paragraph	STF
<param />	Defines a parameter for an object	STF
<pre>	Defines preformatted text	STF
<q>	Defines a short quotation	STF
<s>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text	TF
<samp>	Defines sample output from a computer program	STF
<script>	Defines a client-side script	STF
<select>	Defines a drop-down list	STF
<small>	Defines smaller text	STF
<span>	Defines a section in a document	STF
<strike>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text	TF
<strong>	Defines strong text	STF
<style>	Defines style information for a document	STF
<sub>	Defines subscripted text	STF
<sup>	Defines superscripted text	STF
<table>	Defines a table	STF
<tbody>	Groups the body content in a table	STF
<td>	Defines a cell in a table	STF
<textarea>	Defines a multiline input control (text area)	STF
<tfoot>	Groups the footer content in a table	STF
<th>	Defines a header cell in a table	STF
<thead>	Groups the header content in a table	STF
<title>	Defines a title for the document	STF
<tr>	Defines a row in a table	STF
<tt>	Defines teletype text	STF
<u>	Deprecated. Defines underlined text	TF
<ul>	Defines an unordered list	STF
<var>	Defines a variable	STF
<xmp>	Deprecated. Defines preformatted text

The attributes listed below are standard, and are supported by all HTML and XHTML tags, with a few exceptions.

Core Attributes

Not valid in <base>, <head>, <html>, <meta>, <param>, <script>, <style>, and <title> elements.

Attribute	Value	Description
class	classname	Specifies a classname for an element
id	id	Specifies a unique id for an element
style	style_definition	Specifies an inline style for an element
title	text	Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

Language Attributes

Not valid in <base>, <br>, <frame>, <frameset>, <hr>, <iframe>, <param>, and <script> elements.

Attribute	Value	Description
dir	ltr rtl	Specifies the text direction for the content in an element
lang	language_code	Specifies a language code for the content in an element.Language code reference
xml:lang	language_code	Specifies a language code for the content in an element, in XHTML documents. Language code reference

Keyboard Attributes

Attribute	Value	Description
accesskey	character	Specifies a keyboard shortcut to access an element
tabindex	number	Specifies the tab order of an element

The table below lists all HTML/XHTML elements, and shows what Doctype (DTD) each element appears in.

Tag	HTML5	HTML 4.01 / XHTML 1.0			XHTML 1.1
Tag	HTML5	Transitional	Strict	Frameset	XHTML 1.1
<a>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<abbr>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
~~<acronym>~~	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<address>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
~~<applet>~~	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<area />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<article>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<aside>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<audio>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<b>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<base />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<basefont />	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<bdi>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<bdo>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<big>	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<blockquote>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<body>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<br />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<button>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<canvas>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<caption>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<center>	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<cite>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<code>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<col />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<colgroup>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<command>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<datalist>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<dd>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<del>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<details>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<dfn>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<dir>	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<div>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<dl>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<dt>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<em>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<embed>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<fieldset>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<figcaption>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<figure>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<font>	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<footer>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<form>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<frame />	No	No	No	Yes	No
<frameset>	No	No	No	Yes	No
<h1> to <h6>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<head>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<header>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<hgroup>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<hr />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<html>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<i>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<iframe>	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
<img />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<input />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<ins>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<isindex>	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<keygen>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<kbd>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<label>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<legend>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<li>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<link />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<map>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<mark>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<menu>	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
<meta />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<meter>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<nav>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<noframes>	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<noscript>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<object>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<ol>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<optgroup>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<option>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<output>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<p>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<param />	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<pre>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<progress>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<q>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<rp>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<rt>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<ruby>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<s>	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
<samp>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<script>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<section>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<select>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<small>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<source>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<span>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<strike>	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<strong>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<style>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<sub>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<summary>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<sup>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<table>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<tbody>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<td>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<textarea>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<tfoot>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<th>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<thead>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
<time>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<title>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<tr>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<track>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<tt>	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<u>	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
<ul>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<var>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
<video>	Yes	No	No	No	No
<wbr>	Yes	No	No	No	No

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
Some HTML elements have empty content
Empty elements are closed in the start tag
Most HTML elements can have attribute

HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about an element
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"